Cronbachs coefficient alpha provides an indication of the average correlation among all of the items that make up the scale. Windows based program that can be used to perform data entry and analysis and to create tables and graphs. Cronbachs alpha is a statistic for investigating the internal consistency of a questionnaire cronbach, 1951. The example here is based on a fictional study that aims to examine students motivations to learn. Calculating and interpreting cronbachs alpha using spss. Written and illustrated tutorials for the statistical software spss. Cara melakukan uji reliabilitas alpha cronbachs dengan spss. All these indexes have been used because no single tool has been considered precise enough. Then there are a few options which can be used to finetune the command. You would have to calculate the alpha of each of the 8 each contstructs using i assume 5 items each, and one for the 5 items that will form your dependent. These pages are based on a series of spss tutorials originally written by dr.
Reliability analysis allows you to study the properties of measurement scales and the items that compose the scales. In case, look carefully on how your data are coded. We are intending to measure the awareness, knowledge and attitude. Entering data in spss statistics the one person, one row rule. In analyzing the data, you want to ensure that these questions q1 through q5 all reliably measure the same latent variable i. This article focuses on the introduction of theory and practice analyzing cronbachs alpha reliability. To that end, it is necessary to test the validity and reliability to determine whether the instrument used in the study are valid and reliable. A fitness company wants to know if 2 supplements for stimlating body fat loss actually work. Cronbachs alpha in spss statistics procedure, output and.
Alpha is a very nice command used to calculate cronbachs alpha for scales. The open an existing data source option should be marked. The data editor the data editor is a spreadsheet in which you define your variables and enter data. In analyzing the data, you want to ensure that these. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. Each row corresponds to a case while each column represents a variable.
Help tutorial provides access to an introductory spss tutorial, includ ing a comprehensive. Does my questionnaire measure customer satisfaction in a useful way. Hi all, i conducted a survey through a questionnaire using likert scale from 1 to 5. Calculating and interpreting cronbach s alpha using spss. A handbook of statistical analyses using spss food and. Ideally, the cronbachs alpha coefficient of a scale should be above. Tutorial uji reliabilitas menggunakan spss cronbach alpha. Conduct and interpret an internal consistency reliability analysis through cronbach s alpha, the corrected itemtotal correlations and the interitem correlation matrix. The resulting \ \alpha \ coefficient of reliability ranges from 0 to 1 in providing this overall assessment of a. In spss, the frequencies procedure is primarily used to create frequency tables, bar charts, and pie charts for categorical variables. Creating data means that you will enter the variables and values manually into spss to create a new dataset.
In reliability, the spss command for running a cronbachs alpha, the only options for missing data are to include or exclude userdefined missing data. Calculating cronbachs alpha in spss improving internal. Analysis cronbachs alpha reliability in spss spss expert. Cronbach s alpha in this tutorial you will learn how to produce a simple and commonly used measure of reliability. Intro to the spss environment is intended for new users of spss. Open a ticket and download fixes at the ibm support portal find a technical tutorial in ibm developer find a best practice for integrating. The new spss statistics version 25 bayesian procedures. Tutorial spss 20 bahasa indonesia pdf, training windows server 2012 jumpstart 70417 2 c30f92ecd1 download one hit cf. Cronbachs alpha is not related to the concepts of independent and dependent variables. In addition to an example of how to use a chisquare test, the window also identifies the sample data file you can use to follow the example for yourself. Cronbachs alpha using spss introduction cronbachs alpha is the most common measure of internal consistency reliability. Using and interpreting cronbachs alpha university of. The purpose of this guide is to provide both basic understanding of statistical concepts know.
Suppose you wish to give a survey that measures job motivation by asking five questions. Navigate the spss interface using the dropdown menus or syntax. Cronbachs alpha is the most common measure of internal consistency reliability. Our written stepbystep tutorials are organized into sections. The principle behind entering data in almost all cases in spss statistics is to enter each unique case on a new row. Cara melakukan uji reliabilitas alpha cronbach s dengan spss setelah sebelumnya kita telah melakukan uji validitas product momen dengan spss, selanjutnya yang harus kita lakukan agar angket yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini benarbenar dapat dipercaya sebagai alat pengumpul data, maka angket tersebut perlu di uji reliabilitas atau tingkat kepercayaannya. Next, from the spss menu select analyze, and then click scale, and then click the reliability analyze first output case processing summary n or the number of valid data valid for at process is 40 units, while the missing data is zero. Go to the windows start icon on the windows desktop menu. Capable of handling large amounts of data and can perform all of the analyses covered in the text and much more.
Cronbachs alpha is thus a function of the number of items in a test, the average covariance between pairs of items, and the variance of the total score. Calculating, interpreting, and reporting cronbachs alpha. One question i have noticed that the spss bayesian independent groups ttest and the spss bayesian 1way anova yield different bayes factors using rouders method when applied to the same data which contains, to state the obvious, 2 independent groups. Spss windows there are six different windows that can be opened when using spss. Cronbachs alpha is most commonly used when you want to assess the internal consistency of a questionnaire or survey that is made up of multiple likerttype scales and items. Cronbach s alpha is a common measure of internal consistency reliability, often used when you have multiple likert questions in a surveyquestionnaire that form a scale and you want to determine if the scale is reliable. Looking on the syntax i saw that there is the possibility to define missinginclude in the reliability syntax.
Cronbachs alpha is most commonly used when you want to assess the internal consistency of a questionnaire or survey that is. Selamat siang temanteman, di sini saya berbagi sedikit tutorial uji reliabilitas menggunakan spss, berdasarkan kriteria uji cronbach alpha semoga bermanfa. Cronbachs alpha in this tutorial you will learn how to produce a simple and commonly used measure of reliability. Chad marshall is currently a dba student in the mitchell college of business at. Imagine that as part of this study we develop a questionnaire. Spss tutorials home libguides at kent state university. Rerunning the procedure yielded a considerable alpha about 0. Cronbachs alpha measures the internal consistency of scales that are made up of multiple items. Cronbachs alpha in spss statistics procedure, output. Below are stepbystep commands for calculating cronbachs alpha in spss. How to test reliability method alpha using spss spss tests. Enter the data into spss as shown above in table 3. Research paper use of cronbachs alpha analysis to understand the relationship between human health and cnts aakbar ziauddin, adr.
Commonly used technique for assessing reliability is cronbachs alpha for internal reliability of a set of questions interval and ratio scale. So we have created a quantitative questionnaire to measure these items. Spss tutorials basics data analysis ttest anova chisquare test. Fortunately, chad marshall wrote a wonderful introduction to cronbachs alpha, below. This video describes how to calculate and interpret cronbach s alpha using spss.
Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure. As a consequence cronbachs alpha could not be calculatedbecause all cases were deleted. Nearly all procedures that generate output are located on this menu. In spss, you can obtain covariances by going to analyze correlate bivariate. For this reason, i provide a guide below of how to calculate cronbachs alpha in spss. Complete stats course in less than 60 minutes dr anna morganthomas checking internal consistency of data using cronbachs alpha in microsoft excel and. The common application of the cronbachs alpha is when we have a. Cronbach s alpha is the most common measure of internal consistency reliability. Cronbachs alpha is certainly among the most used statistics in the social sciences, but many students and researchers dont really know what it tells us or how to interpret it. How to test reliability method alpha using spss instruments are valid and reliable research is a necessary condition to obtain highquality research results.
The basic syntax is simply alpha variables in the scale and requires at least two items. Using and interpreting cronbachs alpha university of virginia. Users can work through the tutorials in order or skip through to topics of interest. Examining summary statistics for individual variables. If you are using a different version of spss, your screens may not look exactly like those presented in the tutorials, but the basic functionality should be the same or very similar. Cronbachs alpha using minitab spss statistics tutorials. After you finish data entry your spss screen should look something like figure 1 below. For example, lets consider the six scale items from the american national. Where this is the case then i want all missing values on that scale replaced by the average of the nonmissing items on that scale. Cronbachs alpha was created to measure the internal consistency of the exams 24. Under statistics, check crossproduct deviations and covariances. Then shift q1, q2,q3 and q4 to the variables box and click options. You can either create data in spss or import data into spss from a file.
Join yash patel for an indepth discussion in this video data analysis in spss, part of spss for academic research. In spss, how do i compute cronbachs alpha statistic to. Try ibm spss statistics subscription make it easier to perform powerful. Spssx discussion help needed with finding cronbachs. To test the internal consistency, you can run the cronbachs alpha test using the reliability command in spss, as follows. Each question of the questionnaire results in one variable and the answers numerically coded are entered in the respective columns of the spreadsheet. Even yet, many metrics exist to provide evidence of internal consistency reliability, but cronbachs alpha is perhaps the most popular of these. For demonstration purposes, here is how to calculate the results above by hand. Follow along with downloadable practice data and detailed explanations of the output and quickly master this analysis. It is most commonly used when you have multiple likert questions in a surveyquestionnaire that form a scale and you wish to determine if the scale is reliable. Can i use cronbachs alpha to establish the internal consistency of the said scale. Spss stepbystep 3 table of contents 1 spss stepbystep 5 introduction 5 installing the data 6 installing files from the internet 6 installing files from the diskette 6 introducing the interface 6 the data view 7 the variable view 7 the output view 7 the draft view 10 the syntax view 10 what the heck is a crosstab. Spss statistics sets out its data in a spreadsheetlike manner. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources.
Conduct and interpret an internal consistency reliability analysis through cronbachs alpha, the corrected itemtotal correlations and the interitem correlation matrix. Determine the ability of a series of questions to measure the same construct or characteristictrait. Importing data means that you will use an existing data file that someone has already prepared and simply load it into spss. If it is not, mark it by clicking in the empty circle. In spss, how do i compute cronbachs alpha statistic to test reliability. Cronbachs alpha is the average value of the reliability coefficients one would obtained for all. Computing cronbachs alpha in spss with missing data the. Cronbachs alpha is a test reliability technique that requires only a single test administration to provide a unique estimate of the reliability for a given test. Spss now opens the tutorial to the chisquare topic in the form of an internet page.
For the variable gender, men are coded as 0 and women. The basics spss statistical package for the social sciences is a software program that makes the calculation and presentation of statistics relatively easy. The reliability analysis procedure calculates a number of commonly used measures of scale reliability and also provides information about the relationships between individual items in the scale. Calculating total scale scores and reliability spss. Reliability spss output case processing summary n % cases valid 312 100. If so, how will i compute it taking into consideration the varying levels of response options. Cronbachs alpha is a measure used to assess the reliability, or internal.
15 906 73 684 487 486 1080 1527 1143 348 861 28 1024 1258 1142 1202 288 163 1397 1229 222 11 637 300 635 223 92 1144 32 468 1202 883 315 834 1210 1155 1091 335 1473 124 327 975